The new ruling group was afraid of any external threat which could come from such countries as China or Persia. The author also explains the reasons which made Bolsheviks move farther.

Therefore, the author provides insights into the development of relations between European Russia and the Russian East. Thus, the Bolsheviks’ policy did not differ from the policies of other imperial European countries, which tended to exploit people of other countries. Eventually, “ike other such colonies, it found that its economy was exploited for the benefit of its European masters” (Fromkin 477). Fromkin provides an example of Turkistan, which reveals the experience of other countries of the Middle East. Natives of the East were against the rule of the proletariat, and Lenin inevitably fought the majority. It is also important to note that religious beliefs and cultural traditions made people of the East oppose the new order. Basically, the short-term goals of the two leaders were similar.

At that, Stalin believed the nations should be subordinate to the central power, i.e., the power of Moscow.

Lenin also stated that “n effect this meant that the peoples of the East were not yet ready to exercise their right to be free” (Fromkin 476). At the same time, Lenin claimed that the East did not have the working class to help the peasantry to build a democratic and just society.

They also promised to help nations conquered by the czar’s regime to regain their freedom. The French government, which in the Middle East did allow religion to be the basis of politics-even of its own-championed one sect against the others and that, too, is an issue kept alive, notably in the communal strife that has ravaged Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s.Interestingly, Bolsheviks claimed that the power of the proletariat is the most humanness order to build. Khomeini's Iran in the Shi'ite world and the Moslem Brotherhood in Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere in the Sunni world keep that issue alive. The basis of political life in the Middle East-religion-was called into question by the Russians, who proposed communism, and by the British, who proposed nationalism or dynastic loyalty, in its place. “The European powers at that time believed they could change Moslem Asia in the very fundamentals of its political existence, and in their attempt to do so introduced an artificial state system into the Middle East that has made it into a region of countries that have not become nations even today.

A peace to end all peace david fromkin